Types of Geothermal Residential Heating and Cooling Systems

The increasing popularity of residential geothermalrequired for the normal sized house.
systems is being driven partly by environmentalVertical Loops
concerns and Federal Government tax credits.These are generally used when the area available
Increasing efficiency of the mechanicalaround the home is limited or the soil is to shallow
components that lead to increased cost savingsfor trenches. It also has the benefit of minimizing
are another important factor.the disturbance of existing landscaping.
So just how do these systems work?Holes are drilled 4" in diameter and between 150
Geothermal takes advantage of the fact that aand 400 feet deep. The number of holes needed
few feet under the surface the earth maintains adepends upon the size of the house being heated
constant temperature. Heat is drawn from theand cooled. Two pipes with a u-shaped connection
ground during the winter and the heat from theat the bottom are inserted into the holes to
house is transferred into the ground during thecirculate either water or refrigerant.
summer.Lake Loops
To do this there are basically four different typesThis third type is used when a lake or pond at
of residential geothermal systems that urbanleast 8' deep is in the immediate area of the
homeowners can install.home. Pipes are circled through the lake to gain or
Which is best for any specific project will dependloose a homes heat.
upon the climate, soil conditions, land area availableOpen Loops
and local costs for the different systems.These are used when there is an underground
Horizontal Loopsaquifer or lake nearby that can be used to
Horizontal loop systems are used when there isexchange water for the heating or cooling
an adequate amount of land available for theprocess.
horizontal trenches. This is generally also theWith increasing costs and scarcity of fossil fuels
lowest cost system.alternative energy systems like residential
Trenches of four to six feet deep and two feetgeothermal heating and cooling are going to
wide are dug to contain the systems pipes.become increasingly popular and economical.
Several hundred feet of trenches may be