Do Geothermal Heating Systems Require Back-Up Heat?

This is another often misunderstood topic. Sometemperature of heat transfer fluid (120 F max
people insist that all geothermal heat pumps willwith GSHP)
need back up heat during extreme cold.If we are unable to deliver enough heat through
First lets separate back up heat fromthe floor to meet the demand we could think
supplemental heat. Back up heat refers to a wayabout adding forced air distribution. This forced air
of heating if the GSHP is down and out. It meansdistribution could have a fan coil that is getting 120
that there is a second conventional source ofdegree water from the GSHP and this combined
heat that is there to take over if the geothermalwith the radiant might satisfy the demand. The
heat pump is totally out of commission forother solution would have been to raise the temp
whatever reason. Now that may seem ridiculousof the heat transfer fluid over 120 F with a
but I can assure you there are a lot of customconventional energy source but this has it's own
homes in the rocky mountain west that haveproblems and limitations.
both GSHP systems and a boiler that is sized toWe are limited to making the floor surface temp
handle the full load.no hotter than 85 degrees. Hotter than that can
Supplemental heat refers to a secondary heatcause problems with the floor coverings and is
source that can assist the operation of a heatuncomfortable to the occupants of the space.
pump during peak loads. It could be an electricBecause of this limitation the "problem" is not that
plenum heater on a water to air heat pump or itthe heat pump can only produce 120 F it's that
could be a small boiler or even a water heatereven if it could be hotter we would not want to
tied into a radiant distribution system.send hotter than that to the floor. In these
The real answer as to if GSHP's need back upsituations a boiler would not help the situation. The
heat has less to do with the geothermal heatingsolution is adding distribution capabilities.
system and much more to do with the heat lossIn summary, a geothermal heat pump can be
of the structure room by room and the type(s)designed to deliver more than enough BTU's to
of distribution. Rooms that have garage doormatch the pe ak load of the project. The
sized windows and 20 foot c eilings have verychallenge is in delivery of that heat energy to
high heat loss. We need to meet this heat loss bywhere it is needed and for that there are basically
delivering BTU's at a rate as fast as they leavetwo options. One is to add more distribution
the room If the room has radiant floors we willcapability that is compatible with low temp 120 F
need to determine how many BTU's we canmax. The second way is to increase the
deliver through the floor. This delivery will dependtemperature of the delivery keeping in mind the
on type of radiant floor (slab, thin slab, staple up,other limitations that exist with regard to max
Warmboard etc), floor coverings, andtemp of floor surfaces.