Do Geothermal Heating Systems need back-up heat?

This is another often misunderstood topic.  SomeIf we are unable to deliver enough heat through
people insist that all geothermal heat pumps willthe floor to meet the demand we could think
need back up heat during extreme cold.about adding forced air distribution. This forced air
First lets separate back up heat fromdistribution could have a fan coil that is getting 120
supplemental heat.  Back up heat refers to adegree water from the GSHP and this combined
way of heating if the GSHP is down and out.  Itwith the radiant might satisfy the demand.  The
means that there is a second conventional sourceother solution would have been to raise the temp
of heat that is there to take over if the GSHP isof the heat transfer fluid over 120 F with a
totally out of commission for whatever reason.conventional energy source but this has it's own
 Now that may seem ridiculous but I can assureproblems and limitations.
you there are a lot of custom homes in theWe are limited to making the floor surface temp
rocky mountain west that have both GSHPno hotter than 85 degrees. Hotter than that can
systems and a boiler that is sized to handle thecause problems with the floor coverings and is
full load.uncomfortable to the occupants of the space.
Supplemental heat refers to a secondary heat Because of this limitation the "problem" is not
source that can assist the operation of a GSHPthat the heat pump can only produce 120 F it's
during peak loads.  It could be an electric plenumthat even if it could be hotter we would not want
heater on a water to air heat pump or it could beto send hotter than that to the floor.   In these
a small boiler or even a water heater tied into asituations a boiler would not help the situation.
radiant distribution system. The solution is adding distribution capabilities.
The real answer as to if GSHP's need back upIn summary, a GSHP can be designed to deliver
heat has less to do with the GSHP and muchmore than enough BTU's to match the peak load
more to do with the heat loss of the structureof the project.  The challenge is in delivery of
room by room and the type(s) of distribution.that heat energy to where it is needed and for
 Rooms that have garage door sized windowsthat there are basically two options.  One is to
and 20 foot ceilings have very high heat loss.add more distribution capability that is compatible
 We need to meet this heat loss by deliveringwith low temp 120 F max. The second way is to
BTU's at a rate as fast as they leave the roomincrease the temperature of the delivery keeping
 If the room has radiant floors we will need toin mind the other limitations that exist with regard
determine how many BTU's we can deliverto max temp of floor surfaces.
through the floor.  This delivery will depend onFor more information on this and other
type of radiant floor (slab, thin slab, staple up,geothermal topics, please visit
Warmboard etc), floor coverings, andGeothermalHelp.com, your online resource for
temperature of heat transfer fluid (120 F maxeverything having to do with geothermal heating.
with GSHP)